Wireless LAN (802.11) -
Technology & System Operation

WLAN Applications and Standards

Applications & Services
Mobile and Portable Computer Usage, Real-Time Access, Short-Term Access, Voice-over-WLAN, Multimedia Applications, Ad-Hoc or Self-Organized Networks
Advantages
Installation, Flexibility, Mobility, Portability, Short Term Usage, Asynchronous and Time-bounded Delivery Service, Multi- and Broadcast, Network Management, Authentication, Indoor and Outdoor Environments, Security, Addressing
History
ALOHA, Proprietary WLAN Standards (e.g. Lucent), IEEE Harmonizing Effort
IEEE 802.11 Family and Evolution (IEEE 802.11a..i)
Wired and wireless, Ethernet, Data Rates, Frequencies, Channels, Applications
Basic Topology
STA, AP, Gateway, Bridge, IBSS, ESS, Multiple cellular Infrastructure, Logical Network Architecture
Access Technology
Radio, ISM-Band, Spread Spectrum Modulation, FH, DS, DSSS, FHSS, Chip Sequence, Quadrature Modulation, FSK, GFSK, Diffuse and Point-to-Point IR
IP-Networking Specifics in WLAN
Bridging, Routing, Protocol Filtering, ICMP, Ethernet Link Integrity, BOOT/DHCP, UDP/IP, FTP, RADIUS, IP Addresses, ARP,NAT, QoS, RSVP, Security

Authentication
Security constraints, ESN capabilities, Authentication Mechanisms, Association, Shared Key, Key Distribution, Kerberos, Key Creation and aging, Data Authentication, AES privacy
Ciphering in WLAN
RC4, WEP, WEP2 and enhanced WEP, AES

The Physical Medium Dependent Layer
Task and Services, FHSS, DSSS, IR, CCK, OFDM, Notification
The Data Link Layer and its Sub-layers in IEEE 802.11x
Task and Services, Sub-layers, Medium Independence, LLC, MAC, Management
The Network Layer
IP, Additional WLAN related Features
The Transport Layer
TCP according to WLAN

The Air Interface Implementations
IR, FHSS, DSSS, CCK, OFDM
DSSS (IEEE 802.11)
Preamble, Header, DBPSK and DQPSK Modulation, Sub-channels, Barker Sequence, Data Symbol Spreading, Spectrum Mask, PLCP Sub-layer, PLME, PMD
CCK (IEEE 802.11b)
ISM-Band, CCK Code Set, QPSK-phases, PPDU, Center Frequencies and Overlapping BSS
OFDM (IEEE 802.11a)
Data rate, U-NII and ISM-Band, Modulation, Coding, Sub-carrier, Inter-symbol Interference, Preamble and Training Values, IFFT and FFT
FHSS
GFSK Modulation, Frequency Hopping, Spread Spectrum, PLCP Sub-layer, Receive to Transmit switch time, PMD Sub-layer
IR
PPM and 4-PPM, PLCP, PMD
Enhanced MAC (IEEE 802.11e)
QoS Requirements, Inter-frame Spacing, EDCF Access, HCF for QBSS, Enhanced Security
IAPP (IEEE 802.11f and .11i)
SLP(RFC 2608), IAPP-INITIATE
MBCK (IEEE 802.11g, 802.11b extended)
ISM-Band with 54 Mbit/s, Compatibility

Tasks of MAC
Power Management, Access, Medium Reservation, Polling Interaction and Point coordination, Operating States, Contention Mode, Error Checking, Scanning, Association, Acquisition, Super-frame Timing, Hop Timing, Authentication, Encryption, WEP, MIB, Roaming, Synchronization (TSF of Beacon), PLME SAP Interface and Primitives (PLME-RESET, PLME-CHARACTERISTICS…), MIB definitions in ASN.1 coding
Access Control
DCF, PCF, CFS, CSMA/CA Multiple Access Protocol, Channel Allocation Procedure, Collision Control by RTS/CTS
MAC Frames
MPDU, Frame Formatting, Management Frames, Control Frames, Data Frames, LLC-PDU Delimiting, Packet Fragmentation, IFS, System Architecture, MAC-Addresses, Allocation Duration, Information Elements (SSID, Supported Rate FH-Parameter, DS, CF, TIM, IBSS, Challenge Text…)

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